Chemists propose spinach as a better, cheaper battery catalyst

While it's always been a boon to Popeye's "muskles," it looks like spinach may also have a role to play in clean future batteries.

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  • Scientists are seeking sustainable, clean chemicals for use in future fuel cell and metal-air batteries.
  • Platinum is the current go-to substance for battery cathode catalysts, but it poses a number of problems, including high cost and instability.
  • Chemists at American University have developed a new high-performance catalyst from simple spinach, although its preparation as a catalyst is anything but simple.
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Scientists blow away sticky moon dust with electrons

Dust sticking to things on the moon is a serious problem researchers are trying to solve.

Credit: NASA
  • Jagged, abrasive lunar dust can damage spacesuits and equipment.
  • The electrically charged dust particles grab onto surfaces like a sock just out of the dryer.
  • Scientists are exploring ways of blowing away lunar dust using beams of electrons.
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    Nano diamond batteries could last thousands of years

    Utilizing nuclear waste converted to diamonds, this company's batteries will reportedly last thousands of years in some cases.

    Image source: Oleksii Biriukov/Shutterstock
    • Nuclear reactor parts converted to radioactive carbon-14 diamonds produce energy.
    • To keep them safe, the carbon-14 diamonds are encased in a second protective diamond layer.
    • The company predicts batteries for personal devices could last about nine years.
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    After a century of speculation, a new liquid phase has been discovered

    Your television may soon get a serious upgrade.

    Credit: SMRC
    • Researchers at the University of Colorado, Boulder confirm that a new liquid phase has been discovered.
    • This liquid phase was first speculated about over a century ago by physicists Peter Debye and Max Born.
    • Liquid crystals are used in many technologies, including LCD televisions.
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    A new device generates energy from shadows

    By leveraging the difference between lit and shadowed areas, a new energy source perfect for wearables is invented.

    Image source: Mark Adriane/Unsplash
    • Mobile devices used both indoors and out may benefit from a new energy collection system that thrives on mixed and changing lighting conditions.
    • Inexpensive new collection cells are said to be twice as efficient as commercial solar cells.
    • The system's "shadow effect" would also maker it useful as a sensor for tracking traffic.

    For all of its promise, solar energy depends on the capture of light, and the more the better. For residents of sunny climes, that's great, with rooftop collection panels, and solar farms built by utilities in wide open, sunny spaces that can provide power to the rest of us. Now, though, a team of scientists at the National University of Singapore (NUS) has announced success at deriving energy from…shadows.

    We've got plenty of them everywhere. "Shadows are omnipresent, and we often take them for granted," says research team leader Tan Swee Ching, who notes how shadows are usually anathema for energy collection. "In conventional photovoltaic or optoelectronic applications where a steady source of light is used to power devices, the presence of shadows is undesirable, since it degrades the performance of devices." His team has come up with something quite different, and Tan claims of their shadow-effect energy generator (SEG) that, "This novel concept of harvesting energy in the presence of shadows is unprecedented."

    The research is published in the journal Energy & Environmental Science.

    How it works

    Image source: Royal Society of Chemistry/NUS

    The energy produced by the SEG is generated from the differential between shadowed and lit areas. "In this work," says Tan. "We capitalized on the illumination contrast caused by shadows as an indirect source of power. The contrast in illumination induces a voltage difference between the shadow and illuminated sections, resulting in an electric current."

    SEG cells are less expensive to produce than solar cells. Each SEG cell is a thin film of gold on a silicon wafer, and an entire system is a set of four of these cells arrayed on a flexible, transparent plastic film. Experiments suggest the system, in use, is twice as efficient as commercial solar cells.

    An SEG cell's shadow effect works best when it is half in light and half in shadow, "as this gives enough area for charge generation and collection respectively," says co-team leader Andrew Wee. When the SEG is entirely in shadow or in light, it doesn't produce a charge.

    Gold in them that shadows

    Image source: stockfour/Dayna More/Dmitry Naumov/Shutterstock/Big Think

    To be sure, the amount of energy that NUS researchers have thus far extracted is small, but it's enough to power a digital watch. The researchers envision the SEG system harvesting ambient light to power smart phones and AR glasses that are used both outdoors and indoors. While such devices can run on solar batteries, solar is only replenished outdoors, and the SEG could "scavenge energy from both illumination and shadows associated with low light intensities to maximize the efficiency of energy harvesting," says Tan. It seems clear that we're on the cusp of the era of wearables — AR visionwear, smart fabrics, smart watches, and so on — and so Tan considers the arrival of the SEG "exciting and timely."

    The researchers also note an additional application for which the SEG seems a natural: It can function as a self-powered sensor for monitoring moving objects. The shadow caused by a passing object would trigger the SEG sensor, which can then record the event.

    Next up for the team is investigating constructing cells using other, less costly materials than gold to make them even less expensive to produce.

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