General Relativity

General Relativity

big bang mirage
A cute mathematical trick can "rescale" the Universe so that it isn't actually expanding. But can that "trick" survive all our cosmic tests?
an artist's rendering of a black hole in the sky.
In a distant galaxy, a cosmic dance between two supermassive black holes emits periodic flashes of light.
a close up of two stars in the sky.
In many ways, we are still novices playing with toy models seeking to understand the stars. 
an image of a black hole in the sky.
There are 40 billion billion black holes in the universe. Here’s how our Solar System stacks up against ten of them.
hubble tension
When Einstein gave General Relativity to the world, he included an extraneous cosmological constant. How did his 'biggest blunder' occur?
big bang expanding universe
It's been 100 years since we discovered that the Universe was expanding. But if it's expanding, then what is it expanding into?
ivy mike nuclear test
Einstein's most famous equation is E = mc², which describes the rest mass energy inherent to particles. But motion matters for energy, too.
a hand is holding a ball with a model of the solar system.
42mins
Sabine Hossenfelder talks about Albert Einstein, dead grandmothers, the physics of aging, and more in this full interview with Big Think.
universe temperature
Before there were planets, stars, and galaxies, before even neutral atoms or stable protons, there was the Big Bang. How did we prove it?
A colorful bar graph highlighting the crisis in cosmology.
The standard model of cosmology has a big new problem: Some galaxies seem to be too old.
black hole
Einstein's relativity overthrew the notion of absolute space and time, replacing them with a spacetime fabric. But is spacetime truly real?
universe expand energy
The conservation of energy is one of the most fundamental laws governing our reality. But in the expanding Universe, that's just not true.
dark energy accelerated expansion
All forms of energy affect the expanding Universe. But if matter and radiation slow the expansion down, how does dark energy speed it up?
JWST deep field vs hubble
JWST has brought us more distant views of the early Universe than ever before. Is the Big Bang, and all of modern cosmology, in trouble?
An image of a galaxy with a centrally-located star, illustrating the standard model of cosmology.
Cosmologists are largely still in the dark about the forces that drive the Universe.
a black hole in the center of a space filled with stars.
Though he renounced philosophy, Stephen Hawking's final theory of the universe redraws the basic foundations of cosmology.
einstein quote imagination knowledge
"Imagination is more important than knowledge" is often taken to mean that your conceptions outweigh what's real. That's not what he said.
a very large cluster of stars in the sky.
Stars orbiting black holes were observed to move significantly slower than expected. One explanation centers on dark matter.
Millikan Lemaitre and Einstein
Einstein called his idea "abominable," but the world of physics came around to embracing the views of Georges Lemaître.
wormholes
Leading a scientific revolution is easy: you just have to succeed where the current theory fails while equaling its successes. Good luck!
a clock that is in the middle of a picture.
If the evolution of the Universe is a movie, what happens when we rewind it all the way backward?
a blurry photo of a city street at night.
Time gets a little strange as you approach the speed of light.
photon paths around black hole
What do we mean by a black hole's size? A photon sphere? The minimal stable orbit? The event horizon? The singularity? Which one is right?
runaway supermassive black hole
Speeding through the Universe and leaving a wake of new stars, this runaway supermassive black hole is likely the first among thousands.
Albert Einstein and Isidor Kohn
How scientists found out that we live in a cosmic aquarium.
quantum entanglement qubit ER = EPR
Two very different ideas, wormholes and quantum entanglement, might be fundamentally related. What would "ER = EPR" mean for our Universe?
Not even Einstein immediately knew the power of the equations he gave us.
regions of the universe
The zero-point energy of empty space is not zero. Even with all the physics we know, we have no idea how to calculate what it ought to be.