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Quantum Physics
From a photon's viewpoint, the Universe is timeless and dimensionless.
The familiar terrain of solids, liquids, and gases gives way to the exotic realms of plasmas and degenerate matter.
How are we to deal with the quantization of spacetime and gravity?
Up until 2002, we thought that the heaviest stable element was bismuth: #83 on the periodic table. That's absolutely no longer the case.
There is no such thing as a void in the Universe.
When Einstein gave General Relativity to the world, he included an extraneous cosmological constant. How did his 'biggest blunder' occur?
If light can't be bent by electric or magnetic fields (and it can't), then how do the Zeeman and Stark effects split atomic energy levels?
Particle physicists use gigantic accelerators to investigate the infinitesimal.
Once the initial blaze of heat dissipated, the constituent particles of atoms were free to bind.
Quantum uncertainty and wave-particle duality are big features of quantum physics. But without Pauli's rule, our Universe wouldn't exist.
What would become the Big Bang model started from a crucial idea: that the young Universe was denser and hotter.
You are an energy field — but not the “chakras” or “auras” kind.
Though he renounced philosophy, Stephen Hawking's final theory of the universe redraws the basic foundations of cosmology.
The double-slit experiment, hundreds of years after it was first performed, still holds the key mystery at the heart of quantum physics.
Our huge, expanding Universe may truly be infinite. But if the set of possible quantum outcomes is also infinite, which "infinity" wins?
What do we mean by a black hole's size? A photon sphere? The minimal stable orbit? The event horizon? The singularity? Which one is right?
Two very different ideas, wormholes and quantum entanglement, might be fundamentally related. What would "ER = EPR" mean for our Universe?
Even with quantum teleportation and the existence of entangled quantum states, faster-than-light communication still remains impossible.
If you're a massless particle, you must always move at light speed. If you have mass, you must go slower. So why aren't any neutrinos slow?
Protons and neutrons are held together by the strong force: with 3 colors and 3 anticolors. So why are there only 8 gluons, and not 9?
The answer to the age-old philosophical question of whether there is meaning in the Universe may ultimately rest upon the power of information.
John Templeton Foundation
Though quantum mechanics is an incredibly successful theory, nobody knows what it means. Scientists now must confront its philosophical implications.
Experiments tell us quantum entanglement defies space and time.
When you bring two fingers together, you can feel them "touch" each other. But are your atoms really touching, and if so, how?
In Einstein's relativity and the Standard Model, we only have three spatial dimensions. But there could be more, and many think there are.
Einstein tried to disprove quantum mechanics. Instead, a weird concept called entanglement showed that Einstein was wrong.
The central equation of quantum mechanics, the Schrödinger equation, is different from the equations found in classical physics.
Quantum superposition challenges our notions of what is real.
The quantum world — and its inherent uncertainty — defies our ability to describe it in words.