Determinism

Determinism

connected entangled pair
A century ago, quantum physics overthrew our view of a deterministic Universe. A profound 21st century theorem closes the door even further.
The very word "quantum" makes people's imaginations run wild. But chances are you've fallen for at least one of these myths.
Illustration featuring a brain, a profile of a man resting his face on his hand, a sketch of a head, and brain scan images in purple and green tones.
Neuroscience isn’t dissolving philosophy’s hardest problems — it’s forcing us to rethink where they live.
There could be variables beyond the ones we've identified and know how to measure. But they can't get rid of quantum weirdness.
A man in seventeenth-century attire walks away as a group of people gesture behind him; a book title page, possibly referencing Spinoza, is visible on the right side.
From bondage to freedom: Baruch Spinoza’s guide to the rational life.
Two colorful spiral galaxies interacting in space, with bright centers and swirling arms of red, blue, and white hues, set against a backdrop of stars.
The Kalam cosmological argument asserts that everything that exists must have a cause, and the "first" cause must be God. Is that valid?
spooky action quantum
Do we actually live in a deterministic Universe, despite quantum physics? An alternative, non-spooky interpretation has now been ruled out.
heavy neutral atom
No matter how good our measurement devices get, certain quantum properties always possess an inherent uncertainty. Can we figure out why?
A man with long hair and a beard, embodying the concept of free will.
A volley of new insights reignites the debate over whether our choices are ever truly our own.
An old drawing of a man with his hand in his head, exploring the depths of free will.
Neural imaging has shown that the brain has “decided” what we’re going to do before we make a conscious choice — but is this even relevant to free will?
An aztec calendar on a white background.
The answer largely centers on crops and cows.
double slit experiments with electrons send one at a time
The double-slit experiment, hundreds of years after it was first performed, still holds the key mystery at the heart of quantum physics.
quantum entanglement qubit ER = EPR
Experiments tell us quantum entanglement defies space and time.
a man playing a violin in front of a piano.
To Einstein, nature had to be rational. But quantum physics showed us that there was not always a way to make it so.
The central equation of quantum mechanics, the Schrödinger equation, is different from the equations found in classical physics.
atoms
Quantum superposition challenges our notions of what is real.
image of subatomic particles
The quantum world — and its inherent uncertainty — defies our ability to describe it in words.
For nearly a century, physicists have argued over how to interpret quantum physics. But reality exists independent of any interpretation.
a black and white photo of a man sitting at a desk.
The quantum world is one in which rules that are completely foreign to our everyday experience dictate bizarre behavior.
"All moments past, present, and future, always have existed, always will exist."
heavy neutral atom
No matter how good our measurement devices get, certain quantum properties always possess an inherent uncertainty. Can we figure out why?
Quantum mechanics forces us to toss out the old, reliable ways in which we make sense of our everyday reality.
plinko
The game of Plinko perfectly illustrates chaos theory. Even with indistinguishable initial conditions, the outcome is always uncertain.
Nero dystopia
The answer to this question depends on how you define "freedom."
parallel universe
Humans who've lived through the same events often remember them differently. Could quantum physics be responsible?
If we are wreaking havoc on ourselves and the world, it is because we have become mesmerized by a mechanistic, reductionist way of thinking.
criminal justice USSR
Soviet researchers studied crime through a Marxist-Leninist lens. Under Lenin, a humanitarian approach to criminality briefly emerged, but dissipated when Stalin rose to power. 
Trail running on a foggy day - New Year's resolutions
Setting resolutions for the new year means you think the future is up to you — but is it?
spooky action quantum
Many still cling to the idea that we live in a deterministic Universe, despite the nature of quantum physics. Now, the "least spooky" interpretation no longer works.