Determinism

Determinism

connected entangled pair
A century ago, quantum physics overthrew our view of a deterministic Universe. A profound 21st century theorem closes the door even further.
The very word "quantum" makes people's imaginations run wild. But chances are you've fallen for at least one of these myths.
Illustration featuring a brain, a profile of a man resting his face on his hand, a sketch of a head, and brain scan images in purple and green tones.
Neuroscience isn’t dissolving philosophy’s hardest problems — it’s forcing us to rethink where they live.
9mins
“The universe clicks along in perfect accord with the laws of physics forever.”
A man in a suit sits on a chair against a yellow background with abstract blue and green wave patterns behind him.
1hr 26mins
“I like to say that physics is hard because physics is easy, by which I mean we actually think about physics as students.”
There could be variables beyond the ones we've identified and know how to measure. But they can't get rid of quantum weirdness.
A monarch butterfly with orange and black wings rests on water, creating a ripple pattern around it.
5mins
“When you think about this interconnection of all these tiny causes and effects which add up to the way the world unfolds, it becomes impossible to imagine that we have complete control.”
A man in seventeenth-century attire walks away as a group of people gesture behind him; a book title page, possibly referencing Spinoza, is visible on the right side.
From bondage to freedom: Baruch Spinoza’s guide to the rational life.
A man in a black suit sits on a chair against a white backdrop, surrounded by several monarch butterflies on a bright blue background.
1hr 36mins
"It's a true fact, but a bizarre one, that the reason why hundreds of thousands of people died in Hiroshima and Nagasaki rather than Kyoto and Kokura, is because of a 19-year-old vacation and a passing cloud."
Two colorful spiral galaxies interacting in space, with bright centers and swirling arms of red, blue, and white hues, set against a backdrop of stars.
The Kalam cosmological argument asserts that everything that exists must have a cause, and the "first" cause must be God. Is that valid?
spooky action quantum
Do we actually live in a deterministic Universe, despite quantum physics? An alternative, non-spooky interpretation has now been ruled out.
A hand is tossing two white dice with black dots against a dark background.
3mins
Don’t fall into the determinism trap. Everything is, in fact, random, says chemist Lee Cronin:
heavy neutral atom
No matter how good our measurement devices get, certain quantum properties always possess an inherent uncertainty. Can we figure out why?
A man with long hair and a beard, embodying the concept of free will.
A volley of new insights reignites the debate over whether our choices are ever truly our own.
An old drawing of a man with his hand in his head, exploring the depths of free will.
Neural imaging has shown that the brain has “decided” what we’re going to do before we make a conscious choice — but is this even relevant to free will?
An aztec calendar on a white background.
The answer largely centers on crops and cows.
double slit experiments with electrons send one at a time
The double-slit experiment, hundreds of years after it was first performed, still holds the key mystery at the heart of quantum physics.
quantum entanglement qubit ER = EPR
Experiments tell us quantum entanglement defies space and time.
a man playing a violin in front of a piano.
To Einstein, nature had to be rational. But quantum physics showed us that there was not always a way to make it so.
The central equation of quantum mechanics, the Schrödinger equation, is different from the equations found in classical physics.
atoms
Quantum superposition challenges our notions of what is real.
image of subatomic particles
The quantum world — and its inherent uncertainty — defies our ability to describe it in words.
For nearly a century, physicists have argued over how to interpret quantum physics. But reality exists independent of any interpretation.
a black and white photo of a man sitting at a desk.
The quantum world is one in which rules that are completely foreign to our everyday experience dictate bizarre behavior.
"All moments past, present, and future, always have existed, always will exist."
6mins
Debates about the existence of free will traditionally have been fought by two competing camps: those who believe in free will and those who don’t because they believe the Universe […]
heavy neutral atom
No matter how good our measurement devices get, certain quantum properties always possess an inherent uncertainty. Can we figure out why?
Quantum mechanics forces us to toss out the old, reliable ways in which we make sense of our everyday reality.
plinko
The game of Plinko perfectly illustrates chaos theory. Even with indistinguishable initial conditions, the outcome is always uncertain.