Chemical energy, where electrons transition in atoms, powers the reactions we see. But two other types hold more promise than all the rest.
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Neutrons can be stable when bound into an atomic nucleus, but free neutrons decay away in mere minutes. So how are neutron stars stable?
Three fundamental forces matter inside an atom, but gravity is mind-bogglingly weak on those scales. Could extra dimensions explain why?
From how life emerged on Earth to why we dream, these unanswered questions continue to perplex scientists.
In physics, we reduce things to their elementary, fundamental components, and build emergent things out of them. That’s not the full story.
With a massive, charged nucleus orbited by tiny electrons, atoms are such simple objects. Miraculously, they make up everything we know.
The Standard Model of elementary particles has three nearly identical copies of particles: generations. And nobody knows why.
A wild, compelling idea without a direct, practical test, the Multiverse is highly controversial. But its supporting pillars sure are stable.
Back during the hot Big Bang, it wasn’t just charged particles and photons that were created, but also neutrinos. Where are they now?
When the Universe was first born, the ingredients necessary for life were nowhere to be found. Only our “lucky stars” enabled our existence.
The ANITA experiment found cosmic rays shooting out of Antarctica. One interpretation claims “parallel Universes,” but is that right?
At a fundamental level, only a few particles and forces govern all of reality. How do their combinations create human consciousness?
All forms of energy affect the expanding Universe. But if matter and radiation slow the expansion down, how does dark energy speed it up?
The best evidence for dark matter is astrophysical and indirect. Do new lensing observations point to ultra-light, wave-like dark matter?
The transformational change driven by AI will elevate neurodiversity inclusion as an organizational asset, argues Maureen Dunne.
Who — or what — really controls your mind?
If there really is another version of you out there in a parallel universe, what can that teach us about reality?
Science and philosophy seem to be separate fields, but philosophical advancements have made the world more accepting of debate and unorthodox ideas.
If there are three neutrino species, all with different masses, then how is energy conserved when they oscillate from one flavor to another?
The idea of gravitational redshift crossed Einstein’s mind years before General Relativity was complete. Here’s why it had to be there.
Ever since the start of the hot Big Bang, time ticks forward as the Universe expands. But could time ever run backward, instead?
We bake pies for Pi Day, so why not celebrate other mathematical achievements.
The problem of the electroweak horizon haunts the standard model of cosmology and beckons us to ask how deep a rethink the model may need.
Do they have real, observable effects, or are they merely calculational tools?
Is the physical universe independent from us, or is it created by our minds, as suggested by scientist Robert Lanza?
“When molecules misbehave, it can lead to great insight.”
Is science absolute? Its truths and discoveries guide us toward the nature of reality, but we must always remain open-minded to revisions.
Only the best physical theories outlast the minds that invented them. Throughout the 20th century, a number of discoveries revolutionized our Universe. The discovery of the interior structure of atoms as […]
Giambattista della Porta’s contributions to codebreaking changed the course of communication.
“Even with my training, I still got insights from the book’s descriptions. That’s how good Carroll is at explaining physics.”