The “Democratic Deficit”
Noam Avram Chomsky was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on December 7, 1928. He attended the University of Pennsylvania where he studied linguistics, mathematics, and philosophy. In 1955, he received his Ph. D. from the University of Pennsylvania, however, most of the research leading to this degree was done at Harvard between 1951 and 1955. Since receiving his Ph. D., Chomsky has taught at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he now holds the Ferrari P. Ward Chair of Modern Language and Linguistics.
Among his many accomplishments, he is most famous for his work on generative grammar, which developed from his interest in modern logic and mathematical foundations. As a result, he applied it to the description of natural languages.
His political tendencies toward socialism and anarchism are a result of what he calls "the radical Jewish community in New York." Since 1965 he has become one of the leading critics of U.S. foreign policy. He published a book of essays called American Power and the New Mandarins which is considered to be one of the most substantial arguments ever against American involvement in Vietnam.
Question: What is the most dysfunctional thing about American democracy?
Noam Chomsky: American democracy is what we call a "guided democracy" in countries that we don't like, like Iran. So in Iran, elections are, putting aside questions of the credibility of elections, elections are—the candidates are vetted by the clerical leadership. Guardian council decides who can run.
We're pretty much the same. Here candidates are vetted by corporate interests. The way it's done is, that unless you have huge corporate financing and support, you just can't run. [Barack] Obama won over [John] McCain, primarily because the financial institutions liked him better, so poured money into his campaign much more than McCain. And if you check funding and polls, you find that the advertising and so on, in fact carried him over the edge.
And that's true all the way along. Elections are basically bought.
Congress, for example, has very low ranking among the population; it's in the teens sometimes. Nevertheless, the overwhelming majority of incumbents win. What does that tell you? It tells you people are voting for candidates that they don't like, because they don't have any choice. These are fundamental defects in the democratic system. It's a huge “democratic deficit,” as it's called and it shows up. There's a very sharp division between public policy and public attitudes on a host of major issues.
In fact, both political parties are well to the right of the population on a great number of critical issues and the population feels they can't do anything about it. So, for example, last polls I saw about this, about eighty percent of the population said the government doesn't work for the people—it works for a few big interests looking out for themselves. Well, that's eighty percent of the population, but if you had asked the next question—they didn't do it—well, what are you going to do about it? People probably would have said, well, I can't do anything. There's no way to do anything about the fact that the government's in the pockets of the rich and a few big interests—corporate interests primarily.
That feeling of helplessness, impotence, everything is run by somebody else, I can't do anything about it—that reflects a democratic deficit. These are enormous problems with the way the democratic system functions. There's something similar in most places, but the United States is pretty extreme in this regard, among the industrial democracies.
Recorded on: Aug 18, 2009
Noam Chomsky explains why "that feeling of helplessness" and "impotence" is the natural response to American democracy.
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Bespoke suicide pods now available for death in style
Sarco assisted suicide pods come in three different styles, and allow you to die quickly and painlessly. They're even quite beautiful to look at.
Death: it happens to everyone (except, apparently, Keanu Reeves). But while the impoverished and lower-class people of the world die in the same ol' ways—cancer, heart disease, and so forth—the upper classes can choose hip and cool new ways to die. Now, there's an assisted-suicide pod so chic and so stylin' that peeps (young people still say peeps, right?) are calling it the "Tesla" of death... it's called... the Sarco!
How to bring more confidence to your conversations
Entrepreneur and author Andrew Horn shares his rules for becoming an assured conversationalist.
- To avoid basing action on external validation, you need to find your "authentic voice" and use it.
- Finding your voice requires asking the right questions of yourself.
- There are 3-5 questions that you would generally want to ask people you are talking to.
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