If the Pentagon Is Hiding Aliens from Us, the Zoo Hypothesis May Explain Why
An MIT astronomer famously explained why aliens haven't contacted us yet.
25 December, 2017
Credit: Pixabay
<p></p><p class="p1"><span class="s1">Recent revelations that the Pentagon had an <a href="https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/12/16/pentagon-ufo-search-harry-reid-216111" target="_blank">actual alien-hunting division</a> have rocked conspiracy theorists everywhere, adding fuel to the long-held beliefs of many that the government is hiding the truth from us. </span><strong>Luis Elizondo</strong>, the military intel official who headed the now-defunct “Advanced Aviation Threat Identification Program,” which ran from 2009 until 2012, was so convinced by what he saw that he continued his search for E.T. until this day. He now has a UFO-research startup and <a href="https://twitter.com/CNN/status/942925945916162048" target="_blank">alerted CNN</a> that there’s “compelling evidence” we are not alone. </p> <p></p><p class="p1"><span class="s2">While Elizondo’s evidence may be based on being privy to a number of unexplained encounters with flying objects, the aliens haven’t made their presence very clear. If the universe contains <a href="https://phys.org/news/2017-01-universe-trillion-galaxies.html" target="_blank">at least two trillion galaxies</a> full of billions of stars like our sun, shouldn’t there be other complex life forms out there by now? It would only make sense. So </span><span class="s3">“where is everybody?” as the Nobel laureate physicist <strong>Enrico Fermi</strong> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi_paradox" target="_blank"><span class="s2">famously asked</span></a> about the absence of evidence and the high probability of alien existence.</span></p> <p></p><p class="p1"><span class="s3"><img type="lazy-image" data-runner-src="https://assets.rebelmouse.io/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpbWFnZSI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYXNzZXRzLnJibC5tcy8xODI0MDY4Ny9vcmlnaW4uanBnIiwiZXhwaXJlc19hdCI6MTY0ODkzMDA3MH0.F22mvLUB4XiDzCGeq5PrwNfhT4oB6-PEum03glsmGt8/img.jpg?width=980" id="2df33" class="rm-shortcode" data-rm-shortcode-id="fc6010e0264674fa0302352a7a7cc7f4" data-rm-shortcode-name="rebelmouse-image"><br></span></p> <p></p><p class="p4"><em>Professor Enrico Fermi (1901-1954), known for achieving the first controlled nuclear reaction, lecturing on the optical characteristics of neutrons at the Domegani Institute in Milan. (Photo by Keystone/Getty Images)</em></p> <p></p><p class="p4"><span class="s2">There are certainly many speculations about the possibility of aliens and their potential motives. It could be that there’s been no contact because they are too far away, and we need for our technologies to catch up before we meet up. They could look like something else entirely so we can’t even perceive them yet. Or maybe we underestimate the uniqueness and preciousness of humanity and we really are alone. But an idea formulated in the 70s takes a different swing at this compelling issue.<span> </span></span></p> <p></p><p class="p4"><span class="s2">The <strong>Zoo Hypothesis, </strong>proposed by the MIT radio astronomer <a href="https://www.technologyreview.com/s/602302/galactic-model-simulates-how-et-civilizations-could-be-deliberately-avoiding-earth/" target="_blank"><span class="s4">John A. Ball</span></a> in 1973, says that aliens may be avoiding contact with us on purpose, so as not to interfere with our evolution and the development of our societies. The human civilization could be essentially living in a “zoo” or a space wildlife sanctuary, where others populating the cosmos dare not go. By staying clear of us, they avoid <strong>interplanetary contamination. </strong></span></p> <p></p><p class="p4"><span class="s2">Perhaps the aliens are waiting for us to reach a certain technological or moral point before they will talk to us. Or they may be simply trying to protect us and themselves. You’ve seen “Independence Day” - there may be a similar movie made thousands of light years away about us.</span></p> <p></p><p class="p1"><span class="s3"><img type="lazy-image" data-runner-src="https://assets.rebelmouse.io/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpbWFnZSI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYXNzZXRzLnJibC5tcy8xODI0MDY4OS9vcmlnaW4uanBnIiwiZXhwaXJlc19hdCI6MTY1NTk1ODI4MH0.ZvthyvUpcpCcR4KQB-ncLLHTXgAHXevxK204jIQl2SY/img.jpg?width=980" id="38470" class="rm-shortcode" data-rm-shortcode-id="a30792384ac06730e3cd249c72a2dbc1" data-rm-shortcode-name="rebelmouse-image"><br></span></p> <p></p><p class="p4"><em>Luis Elizondo, former head of <span>“Advanced Aviation Threat Identification Program,</span> Credit: CNN.</em></p> <p></p><p class="p4"><span class="s2">This idea of the zoo hypothesis presumes that aliens would want to have some relatively benevolent system of belief - perhaps a universally-accepted law about how to treat lower-level cosmic inhabitants. One explanation could be that a higher intelligence would not want to limit the diversity of paths in the universe by somehow interfering with other beings.<span> </span></span> </p> <p></p><p class="p4"><span class="s2">The hypothesis makes the most sense in a crowded universe, if there are many civilizations which set up rules by which they govern their coexistence. Of course, if there are many extraterrestrial players, it is also doubtful that one of them wouldn’t have somehow contacted us, even if by accident. Maybe that’s what the Earth’s alien hunters are picking up on - random, unsanctioned interactions.<span> </span></span></p> <p></p><p class="p4"><span class="s2"><span>Of course, if we put our tinfoil hats on, it also stands to reason that if there is some kind of Universe-wide law of non-interference with other species, someone at the Pentagon could be in on it.</span></span></p> <p></p><p class="p4"><span class="s2">For a more in-depth explanation of the zoo hypothesis, check out <a href="https://www.haystack.mit.edu/hay/staff/jball/etiy.pdf" target="_blank">John A. Ball's paper</a> "Extraterrestrial Intelligence:Where is Everybody?"</span></p> <p></p><p class="p4"><span class="s2"><span>And here's what theoretical physicist Brian Greene thinks about the Fermi Paradox and the existence of intelligent life beyond Earth:</span></span></p> <p></p><div class="video-full-card-placeholder" data-slug="brian-greene-on-aliens" style="border: 1px solid #ccc;">
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What if Terrorists Got Their Hands on Explosives and a Drone?
There is software that can track drones in open areas, but none that can do so in tight-knit, urban ones.
21 September, 2016
Is it just a delivery drone or is it carrying a bomb?
Imagine if you will a terrorist cell getting their hands on a drone, or a number of them, and some explosives. No, this is not an episode of 24. The military calls drones unmanned aerial systems (UAS), and they are worried about them. While planes and helicopters are large enough to recognize easily on radar, drones, being smaller, can be mistaken for birds.
<p>Our air traffic control system successfully monitors thousands of aircraft per day. Yet, no such system for monitoring drones exists, <a href="http://www.techtimes.com/articles/177952/20160916/darpa-launches-aerial-dragnet-program-to-monitor-drone-traffic-in-cities.htm" target="_blank" title="Tech Times">yet</a>. And UAVs are not required to report their location, as aircraft does. Even so, drones are quickly becoming ubiquitous in our society, making it less likely for us to know if the flier has ill intentions, until it’s too <a href="http://www.livescience.com/56177-darpa-aerial-dragnet-drone-monitoring.html" target="_blank" title="Live Science">late</a>. A group of no-goodniks could easily fly an explosive laden drone, or half a dozen of them, into an office building, a park, city square, or even a stadium full of spectators.</p> <p><img type="lazy-image" data-runner-src="https://assets.rebelmouse.io/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpbWFnZSI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYXNzZXRzLnJibC5tcy8xODQwODIzMC9vcmlnaW4uanBnIiwiZXhwaXJlc19hdCI6MTY2NTA4NDk2OX0.8YTkm5hdfx0DHGroCGtzso18M7ZtsNxoFACJ5kLxqrI/img.jpg?width=980" id="5b9f8" class="rm-shortcode" data-rm-shortcode-id="6c3644f7822e1b16e707268e21a77ee7" data-rm-shortcode-name="rebelmouse-image"></p> <p><em>The FAA monitors aircraft, but has no way to monitor drones. </em></p> <p>That’s why the Pentagon’s R&D wing has been tapped to create a system to protect soldiers on the battlefield and civilians at home, from this ever-growing threat. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the people who brought you the internet and many other startling innovations, have an idea on how to stop "UAS-enabled terrorist threats." What DARPA is doing is requesting proposals for something they are calling an “aerial dragnet.” </p> <p>The agency announced their request on the website <a href="https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=84ea6bae9dc2a6e6437abeb570c3a77a&tab=core&_cview=0" target="_blank" title="FBO.gov">FedBizOpps</a>. In a press release, DARPA officials said that, "As off-the-shelf UAS become less expensive, easier to fly, and more adaptable for terrorist or military purposes, U.S. forces will increasingly be challenged by the need to quickly detect and identify such craft." They added, "Especially in urban areas, where sight lines are limited and many objects may be moving at similar speeds." DARPA is now requesting proposals from tech companies large and small which will allow “…persistent, wide-area surveillance of all UAS operating below 1,000 feet in a large city.”</p> <p><img type="lazy-image" data-runner-src="https://assets.rebelmouse.io/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpbWFnZSI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYXNzZXRzLnJibC5tcy8xODQwODIzMS9vcmlnaW4uanBnIiwiZXhwaXJlc19hdCI6MTY0NDI5Njc3NH0.7LkC9Zxg2-CGKHl00SnCcP0GZ8H45_N2zL0xcfSWjMo/img.jpg?width=980" id="25248" class="rm-shortcode" data-rm-shortcode-id="0a76d420a51d16ba0ef197697b03cae0" data-rm-shortcode-name="rebelmouse-image"></p> <p><em>The Pentagon wants to employ a drone monitoring system to be used in urban areas. </em></p> <p>It’s easy to track large aircraft, even those that are fast-moving. Lots of apps and websites do so. Slow, small, and low-flying ones are a lot trickier. Not only that, but the need is greater. Drones are becoming more common on battlefields, particularly among US forces. Other countries however are starting to produce them, for surveillance and combat purposes. But the real fear is non-state actors such as Al Qaeda or ISIS getting their hands on them and wreaking havoc.</p> <p>DARPA is looking for a kind of “super drone” that can hover above an area, such as a city or a battlefield, and monitor for any suspicious UAS’s. It may employ a system of smaller drones. The agency pictures the system working as “a network of surveillance nodes, each providing coverage of a neighborhood-sized urban area.” This system would be able to track a drone over an urban center precisely and accurately, in real time.</p> <p>It will take time to develop such a system. Today, UAVs can be tracked in large, open areas. But the drone needs to be in the system’s line of sight. When skyscrapers and other buildings around, and pigeons and other objects fluttering about, sight lines are limited, and tracking becomes difficult. This project is expected to take over three years to complete.</p> <p>After that, the Pentagon will decide whether or not to take any of the proposed models and implement them, at home and abroad. No word yet on what strategies would be employed to neutralize a menacing drone, once detected. There are several ways to take out a UAV, including a rifle which sends radio signals, blocking commands from its controller, to specially trained eagles, which are now being used in the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k6k9Y3glkRk" target="_blank" title="YouTube">Netherlands</a>.</p> <p><img type="lazy-image" data-runner-src="https://assets.rebelmouse.io/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpbWFnZSI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYXNzZXRzLnJibC5tcy8xODQwODIzMi9vcmlnaW4uanBnIiwiZXhwaXJlc19hdCI6MTYyNjU0NzYzOH0.gGTxlyWGpbwdFHOGXIba-ulPvtf7Imlbl6tbREyKS5g/img.jpg?width=980" id="e12a1" class="rm-shortcode" data-rm-shortcode-id="45c9932c501d412436e6a152000c5588" data-rm-shortcode-name="rebelmouse-image"></p> <p><em>A drone monitoring system would first be employed on the battlefield. </em></p> <p>DARPA program manager Jeff Krolik is one of the officials assigned to this enterprise. He is also associated with a similar project, known as “upward falling payloads.” Here, drones are placed within sealed cases deep down on the ocean floor. These will be placed in strategic locations across the globe. If trouble strikes in a particular area, one of these drones would be activated, remotely. It would “fall” upward, take flight, and use its payload of sensors and instruments to report on what is <a href="http://phys.org/news/2014-03-upward-falling-payloads-advances-deep-sea.html" target="_blank" title="Phys.org">occurring</a>. </p> <p>At first, the dragnet system would be used mainly on the battlefield to protect troops. But according to Krolik it "could ultimately find civilian application to help protect US metropolitan areas." NASA is also developing its own drone monitoring system, independent of this project.</p> <p>One question few seem to be posing is whether having one’s city monitored by an eye in the sky at all times might make the citizenry nervous. Is it a 1984 scenario, rationalized as protection from terrorism, or a way of keeping us safe? The more measures such as this that are required, the more pressing the argument of where to draw the line between safety and liberty becomes.</p> <p>To see a plan Tokyo police have come up with, click here: </p> <p><span style="display:block;position:relative;padding-top:56.25%;" class="rm-shortcode" data-rm-shortcode-id="873a285af604c830dcf18fb32c335794"><iframe type="lazy-iframe" data-runner-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/GpAuXrJ3oRs?rel=0" width="100%" height="auto" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;"></iframe></span></p>
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