Cosmology Research

Cosmology Research

millennium simulation cosmic web slice
We have a picture of how and when it will all come to an end. These three big ideas could still profoundly change how our cosmos evolves.
An artist's impression of a cluster of stars.
With several seemingly incompatible observations, cosmology faces many puzzles. Could early, supermassive stars be the unified solution?
The Vera Rubin Observatory is situated on a rocky hilltop under a clear, star-filled night sky, with distant mountains and a bright planet visible on the horizon, inspiring astronomers to solve puzzles of the universe.
In just its first 10 hours of observations, the Vera Rubin observatory discovered more than 2000 new asteroids. What else will it teach us?
Infographic illustrating three steps to measure the Hubble Constant, showing Cepheid variable stars, supernovae, and galaxies at increasing distances with redshifted light—highlighting how these methods reveal that the hubble tension is real.
Is the Universe's expansion rate 67 km/s/Mpc, 73 km/s/Mpc, or somewhere in between? The Hubble tension is real and not so easy to resolve.
states of matter
Under extreme conditions, matter takes on properties that lead to remarkable, novel possibilities. Topological superconductors included.
A swirling black hole, prepared to suck in surrounding matter, features a glowing, distorted ring of light against a starry backdrop.
Many of us look at black holes as cosmic vacuum cleaners: sucking in everything in their vicinity. But it turns out they don't suck at all.
Friedmann equation
The most common visual depictions of the history of the Universe show the Big Bang as a growing tube with an "ignition" point. Why is that?
An image of a colorful object resembling a dark primordial galaxy in the sky.
Finding it at all was a happy accident. Examining it further may help unlock the secrets hiding within the earliest galaxies of all.
hypermassive neutron star
Neutrons can be stable when bound into an atomic nucleus, but free neutrons decay away in mere minutes. So how are neutron stars stable?
baryon acoustic oscillations
A spherical structure nearly one billion light-years wide has been spotted in the nearby Universe, dating all the way back to the Big Bang.
field of streams milky way tidal dwarf
The biggest, brightest galaxies are the easiest to spot, but the tiniest ones teach us about how the Milky Way assembled and grew up!
a painting of a boat floating on a body of water.
Spiritual experiences can be explained in terms of a highly evolved brain. But they also can be extremely meaningful.
John Templeton Foundation
a bright star surrounded by stars in the sky.
Archaeologists can learn how societies lived by studying what they left behind when they died. Astronomers are doing much the same thing.
universe expand energy
The conservation of energy is one of the most fundamental laws governing our reality. But in the expanding Universe, that's just not true.
JWST deep field vs hubble
JWST has brought us more distant views of the early Universe than ever before. Is the Big Bang, and all of modern cosmology, in trouble?
the night sky is filled with stars and trees.
For many years, some cosmologists embraced the idea of an eternal, steady state universe. But science triumphed over philosophical prejudice.
NASA cassini saturn rings shadow eclipse
The secret ingredient is violence, and it just might indicate that "moonmoons" aren't as uncommon as most astronomers think.
proton internal structure
Every proton contains three quarks: two up and one down. But charm quarks, heavier than the proton itself, have been found inside. How?
hubble tension
We know the Universe is expanding, but scientists don't agree on the rate. This is a legitimate problem.
universe rotate
Early relics and late-time objects give incompatible results for the expanding Universe. This independent anomaly intensifies the problem.
big bang james webb
Unexpected images of galaxies from the James Webb Space Telescope do not disprove the Big Bang. There are other likelier explanations.
The key problem with the dark matter hypothesis is that nobody knows what form dark matter might take.
LHC insides
The way to understand the earliest moments of creation is to recreate those conditions and study them. Why would we stop now?
hot big bang
When we look out at the Universe, even with Hubble, we're only seeing the closest, biggest, brightest galaxies. Here's where the rest are.
chirality
Life is possible because of asymmetries, such as an imbalance between matter and antimatter and the "handedness" (chirality) of molecules.
Friedmann equation
From before the Big Bang to the present day, the Universe goes through many eras. Dark energy heralds the final one.
expanding universe
After more than two decades of precision measurements, we've now reached the "gold standard" for how the pieces don't fit.
Is the “big freeze” our inevitable fate, or can dark energy save us? When we look out at the Universe today, we see sources of light practically everywhere we look. In […]
All supernovae are not created equal. After a 14 year investigation, the brightest ones have a surprising explanation. In 2006, astronomers witnessed a supernova that defied conventional explanation. Typically, supernovae […]
Without this one ingredient, there wouldn’t be enough ‘glue’ to hold the Universe together. Of all the things in the Universe to be thankful for — the stars, planets, atoms, molecules, and […]