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When we see pictures from Hubble or JWST, they show the Universe in a series of brilliant colors. But what do those colors really tell us?

Despite many ultra-distant galaxy candidates found with JWST, we still haven’t seen anything from the Universe’s first 250 million years.

It was barely a century ago that we thought the Milky Way encompassed the entirety of the Universe. Now? We’re not even a special galaxy.

Black holes are the most massive individual objects, spanning up to a light-day across. So how do they make jets that affect the cosmic web?

The discovery of ultra-bright, ultra-distant galaxies was JWST’s first big surprise. They didn’t “break the Universe,” and now we know why.

By looking back at future dreams we can see our current hopes and visions in a whole new light.

“I was stunned. Here in front of me was the original apparatus through which a new vision of the world was slowly and painfully brought to light.”

The closest known star that will soon undergo a core-collapse supernova is Betelgeuse, just 640 light-years away. Here’s what we’ll observe.

Here in our Universe, stars shine brightly, providing light and heat to planets, moons, and more. But some objects get even hotter, by far.

The most iconic, longest-lived space telescope of all, NASA’s Hubble, is experiencing orbital decay as the solar cycle peaks. Here’s why.

From a photon’s viewpoint, the Universe is timeless and dimensionless.

The Michelson-Morley experiment of 1887, despite expectations, revealed a null result: no effect. The implications were revolutionary.

National Geographic’s first James Webb Space Telescope book shows us the cosmos like never before.

Recent research sheds light on how the brain overgeneralizes fear, causing people to be afraid of harmless situations.

All telescopes are fundamentally limited in what they can see. JWST reveals more distant galaxies than Hubble, but still can’t see them all.

The sharpest optical images, for now, come from the Hubble Space Telescope. A ground-based technique can make images over 100 times sharper.

For centuries, Newton’s inverse square law of gravity worked beautifully, but no one knew why. Here’s how Einstein finally explained it.

For 550 million years, neutral atoms blocked the light made in stars from traveling freely through the Universe. Here’s how it then changed.

It’s not only the gravity from galaxies in a cluster that reveals dark matter, but the ejected, intracluster stars actually trace it out.

Everything acts like a wave while it propagates, but behaves like a particle whenever it interacts. The origins of this duality go way back.

The Universe, although violent, is filled with creation events following destructive ones. 1850 light-years away, both types are unfolding.

Time gets a little strange as you approach the speed of light.

Our Universe requires dark matter in order to make sense of things, astrophysically. Could massive photons do the trick?

The color of the shirt you’re wearing right now depends on many factors, from your eye shape to what language you speak.

The problem for galactic-scale civilizations comes down to two numbers.

Finding a tiny planet around bright stars dozens or hundreds of light-years from Earth is extremely difficult.

If you think of the Big Bang as an explosion, we can trace it back to a single point-of-origin. But what if it happened everywhere at once?

For its 2-year science anniversary, JWST has revealed unprecedented details in “the Penguin and the Egg.” Here are the surprises inside.

A new SETI study shows how far the field of technosignatures has come.

The concept of ‘relativistic mass’ has been around almost as long as relativity has. But is it a reasonable way to make sense of things?