Consciousness Theories

Consciousness Theories

The whole isn't greater than the sum of its parts; that's a flaw in our thinking. Non-reductionism requires magic, not merely science.
Abstract collage with a butterfly, brain sketches, graphs, and scientific diagrams overlaid with red, black, and beige shapes and textured patterns.
A conversation with neuroscientist Erik Hoel about the future of consciousness research.
Abstract illustration of a human figure with glowing neural-like lines and bright light concentrated around the head, set against a red and orange gradient background.
Introducing Big Think's Consciousness Issue.
Five books on consciousness and philosophy are displayed upright in a row against a pale background with abstract black lines.
These expert-recommended books try to answer the questions of consciousness, from its fundamental nature to its role in human experience and the natural world.
A frayed rope descends from above and is attached to the top of a blue Earth, symbolizing fragility or tension.
A paradigm should be elastic enough to accommodate new data and broad enough to explain the world. For Rupert Sheldrake, ours does neither.
A person sitting on a chair in a studio setting with a white backdrop and two small tables on either side, each holding a small plant.
11mins
"Everything that we care about, everything we experience, everything we know, we know it through our conscious awareness of it."
Abstract image featuring glowing lines radiating outward, creating a wave-like, undulating pattern.
"We do not experience primarily because we have brains; we experience because we are alive."
Close-up image of a human iris featuring vibrant blue and yellow hues with a dark pupil in the center.
10mins
"Is it possible that consciousness is a much more basic phenomenon in nature and is essentially pervading everything?"
A person in a white shirt looks out a large window at a cityscape with skyscrapers and distant water under a cloudy sky.
Neuroscientist Christof Koch on human minds, AI, and bacteria.
A silhouette of a person standing out amidst a crowd, evoking memories and exploring the complexities of consciousness.
High-frequency oscillations that ripple through our brains may generate memory and conscious experience.
quantum gravity
For generations, physicists have been searching for a quantum theory of gravity. But what if gravity isn't actually quantum at all?
An image of a spiral galaxy in space.
We need a hypothesis that accounts for both the fine-tuning of physics for life but also the arbitrariness and gratuitous suffering we find in the world.
A light bulb hanging on a wall with a swirl pattern.
Even if a leading theory of consciousness is wrong, it can still be useful to science.
a blue circle surrounded by red lines on a white background.
Neuroscientist and author Bobby Azarian explores the idea that the Universe is a self-organizing system that evolves and learns.
a painting of a man with an owl on his shoulder.
For the clarity of a “beginner’s mind” and a path to true and lasting wisdom, one must fully embrace "not-knowing."
a close up of a brain on a blue background.
8mins
A University of Oxford professor explains how conscious machines are possible.
A vintage illustration of a person's head in profile, with diagrams of astronomical and conceptual systems overlaying the brain to evoke themes of consciousness, set against a yellow background.
8mins
Is science destined to crack the code of consciousness—and how would we even go about it?
John Templeton Foundation
consciousness
What creates our private, inner universes is still a mystery.
consciousness
What if intelligence can thrive without consciousness?
The weirdness begs for an interpretation.
And can we devise an experiment to tell, even when we aren’t looking? One of the most bizarre aspects of quantum physics is that the fundamental entities that make up the […]