Astrophysics

Astrophysics

cosmic rays
At the upper limits of what's energetically possible, cosmic rays still persist. What happens if a human gets hit by the most energetic one?
Our great hope is that today's indirect, astrophysical evidence will someday lead to successful direct detection. What if that's impossible?
A deep space image showing a field of distant galaxies with several regions zoomed in to highlight faint, small JWST objects.
Just like animals, galaxies often have bizarre, unusual, or even unique properties. But finding many, all at once, really does raise alarms.
moon landing Apollo 11
Our view of the world, the Universe, and ourselves can change with just one glimpse of what's out there. It's happened many times before.
venus jupiter earth iss
Outer space begins just over 100 kilometers up, but what we can see extends for billions of light-years. Here's what all of it looks like.
Raisin bread expanding Universe
Even in an expanding Universe, we expect both redshifted and blueshifted galaxies. But nearly every one we see is redshifted. Here's why.
Green and red aurora borealis lights, sparked by a recent solar radiation storm, arc across the night sky and reflect over a calm lake with a rocky shoreline.
The Sun often produces solar flares and coronal mass ejections, but a rare solar radiation storm made the 2026's first great auroral show.
Many view the development of fringe, alternative theories as a useless waste of time. But when they can be tested, it shows what reality is.
A vivid image of a galaxy with bright blue and red nebulous clouds, set against a black star-filled background in deep space.
With unprecedented resolution, wavelength sensitivity, and light-gathering power, JWST reveals our cosmos like no other observatory ever.
A deep space image shows numerous distant galaxies and stars against a dark background, including several bright spots shaped by a gravitational lens cross, with diffuse light sources scattered throughout.
Gravitational lenses arise when foreground masses and background light sources properly align. Einstein rings are rare, but crosses abound.
black hole
It's not about particle-antiparticle pairs falling into or escaping from a black hole. A deeper explanation alters our view of reality.
Diagram showing light from a distant galaxy bending around a red-hued massive object, reaching telescopes on Earth via different paths and at different times.
The VENUS survey isn't about planets at all, but about finding multiply-lensed supernovae. The ambition? To save the expanding Universe.
Astro2020
US science is worth fighting for, but so are the science projects and scientists denied opportunities. Here are 4 paths all worth exploring.
Five panels show NASA Chandra images of Kepler's supernova remnant as it expands over 25 years, with increasingly diffuse blue filaments against a starry background; a composite is shown in the last panel.
Back in 1604, Johannes Kepler discovered the Milky Way's last naked-eye supernova. Here's how NASA's Chandra sees it over the 21st century.
A colorful map shows the distribution of nearby galaxies, with distances and redshift factors labeled, created by DESI; NSF, NOIRLab, and Kitt Peak logos are visible.
The seeds of cosmic structure that were planted back during the Big Bang grew into the cosmic web we see today. What is it telling us?
laniakea
When objects are gravitationally bound, they cannot escape from one another's influence. How does that work within the expanding Universe?
Even the youngest galaxies are often dust-rich, even with very low levels of heavy elements. Nearby dwarf galaxy Sextans A explains why.
A galaxy cluster with a faint purple glow, showing a dotted yellow circle in the center, surrounded by distant stars and galaxies.
Astronomers have found starless gas clouds before, but Cloud 9 might be the most pristine one of all, with big lessons for cosmic history.
A field of distant galaxies in space with a blue-tinted, magnified section highlighting a single bright celestial object observed by JWST, possibly rich in oxygen.
In a galaxy less than 300 million years after the Big Bang, oxygen's presence abounds. That's expected; its absence would truly be profound.
A black and white image of a ball in antigravity motion.
In general relativity, matter and energy curve spacetime, which we experience as gravity. Why can't there be an "antigravity" force?
how many planets
There will always be "wolf-criers" whose claims wither under scrutiny. But aliens are certainly out there, if science dares to find them.
cosmic rays
Particles are everywhere, including particles from space that stream through the human body. Here's how they prove Einstein's relativity.
jwst Abell 2744 450 million
If you can identify a foreground star, the spike patterns are a dead giveaway as to whether it's a JWST image or any other observatory.
quantum communications
Perhaps the most remarkable fact about the Universe is simply that it, and everything in it, exists. But what's the reason why?
spooky action quantum
We think of physical reality as what objectively exists, independent of any observer. But relativity and quantum physics say otherwise.
An artist's impression of an ultra high energy cosmic ray.
The highest-energy particles could be a sign of new, unexpected physics. But the simplest, most mundane explanation is particularly iron-ic.
JADES galaxies
While humanity has been skywatching since ancient times, much of our cosmic understanding has come about only recently. Very recently.
A nebula in space glows with bright purple, pink, and blue hues, surrounded by stars and cosmic dust where new stars form in our expanding universe.
Our Universe doesn't just expand and cool, but the expansion itself is accelerating. Can stars form under such structure-erasing conditions?
Diagram illustrating Earth's orbit around the Sun, showing the tilt of Earth's axis, the seasons, equinoxes, solstices, and directions to celestial poles.
Earth orbits the Sun while spinning on its tilted axis, with two annual occasions marking that maximal tilt. That's where solstices arise.
A diagram illustrating one of the biggest mysteries: the origin of the universe, from the Big Bang and inflation to today, showing the formation of atoms, stars, galaxies, and the ongoing expansion of space.
Our Standard Model of the Universe, for both particle physics and cosmology, remains intact for now. When will its foundations crack?