Space Exploration

Space Exploration

A collage of scientific and space-themed images, featuring an insect, a planet, a human face, a robot, dandelion, star charts, and hints of aliens—all in varied colors and textures.
Some sci-fi aliens are wildly implausible. Others aren’t so far-fetched.
From the vastness of space, Earth at night reveals its exo-earth beauty, with illuminated continents showcasing a tapestry of lights across North and South America. Major cities and regions emerge from the glowing darkness, painting a vivid picture against the backdrop of oceans.
One big goal of science is to find an inhabited, Earth-like planet. But if we find an Earth-like world, will we even recognize it?
A group of people dressed in robes decorated with celestial symbols and wearing hats adorned with stars and crescent moons, drawn in a vintage illustration style on a yellow background.
3mins
Military satellite research brought us GPS. Astronomers influenced medical imaging tech. What would be invented after we discover alien life? Professor Sara Seager explains the consequences of such a groundbreaking discovery.
A split image showing a human hand making an "OK" gesture on the left, and an alien hand pointing with a glowing fingertip on the right.
The unanswered questions about sex, love, and pregnancy in space could shape the future of humanity more than we think.
Silhouette of NASA's Europa Clipper spacecraft with antennas poised against a colorful planetary surface, sparking dreams of alien life.
No claim has even made it halfway up the Confidence of Life Detection (CoLD) scale, but 21st century science is just beginning to unfold.
star vs planet vs brown dwarf
13.8 billion years have passed since the Big Bang, but many stars will survive for longer than that. What's the longest-lived a star can be?
An older person sits on a chair against a white backdrop, with a colorful outer space scene digitally added around the background.
1hr 3mins
Astronomer Jill Tarter explains why SETI is really about technology, patience, and learning how to tell alien signals from our own.
Two bright celestial objects, including the brightest planet, shine in the night sky, partially obscured by clouds and surrounded by smaller, faint stars.
Even at its faintest, Venus always outshines every other star and planet that's visible from Earth, and then some!
A dense field of distant galaxies and bright stars against a black background, as captured in a JWST early galaxies deep space telescope image.
Many collaborations have used JWST to take deep-field images: some wider and some deeper than others. Here's how it can surpass them all.
View of a planet’s surface in the foreground with a red moon or planet and stars visible in the background against the dark space.
7mins
30 years ago, we didn’t know other stars had planets orbiting them. Now, we may be on the verge of finding Earth’s Twin. Sara Seager explains.
cosmic rays
At the upper limits of what's energetically possible, cosmic rays still persist. What happens if a human gets hit by the most energetic one?
A deep space image showing a field of distant galaxies with several regions zoomed in to highlight faint, small JWST objects.
Just like animals, galaxies often have bizarre, unusual, or even unique properties. But finding many, all at once, really does raise alarms.
moon landing Apollo 11
Our view of the world, the Universe, and ourselves can change with just one glimpse of what's out there. It's happened many times before.
venus jupiter earth iss
Outer space begins just over 100 kilometers up, but what we can see extends for billions of light-years. Here's what all of it looks like.
Raisin bread expanding Universe
Even in an expanding Universe, we expect both redshifted and blueshifted galaxies. But nearly every one we see is redshifted. Here's why.
A vivid image of a galaxy with bright blue and red nebulous clouds, set against a black star-filled background in deep space.
With unprecedented resolution, wavelength sensitivity, and light-gathering power, JWST reveals our cosmos like no other observatory ever.
Astro2020
US science is worth fighting for, but so are the science projects and scientists denied opportunities. Here are 4 paths all worth exploring.
Three planets are silhouetted against deep space with a bright red star and nebula clouds in the background.
Astronomer Lisa Kaltenegger spoke with Big Think about how "the colors of life" could leave detectable traces on distant planets.
A field of distant galaxies in space with a blue-tinted, magnified section highlighting a single bright celestial object observed by JWST, possibly rich in oxygen.
In a galaxy less than 300 million years after the Big Bang, oxygen's presence abounds. That's expected; its absence would truly be profound.
A black and white image of a ball in antigravity motion.
In general relativity, matter and energy curve spacetime, which we experience as gravity. Why can't there be an "antigravity" force?
how many planets
There will always be "wolf-criers" whose claims wither under scrutiny. But aliens are certainly out there, if science dares to find them.
jwst Abell 2744 450 million
If you can identify a foreground star, the spike patterns are a dead giveaway as to whether it's a JWST image or any other observatory.
Diagram illustrating Earth's orbit around the Sun, showing the tilt of Earth's axis, the seasons, equinoxes, solstices, and directions to celestial poles.
Earth orbits the Sun while spinning on its tilted axis, with two annual occasions marking that maximal tilt. That's where solstices arise.
A man stands on stage before an audience, with a backdrop reading "A Night of Awe & Wonder" and the John Templeton Foundation logo.
Big Think and the John Templeton Foundation gathered scientists, artists, and storytellers in Los Angeles to explore the power of awe.
Diagram showing light from a distant galaxy bending around a red-hued massive object, reaching telescopes on Earth via different paths and at different times.
With the observation of SN 2025wny, a lensed superluminous supernova, astronomy's future comes into sharp, exciting focus.
Illustration of various carbon molecules, including buckyballs and graphene sheets, floating in space near a bright cosmic background with stars and nebulae.
It takes a wide variety of processes in the Universe to make all the elements that populate space today. We're still discovering new ones!
existence of God
Science isn't absolute. Its truths and discoveries enable us to approximate reality, but we must always remain open-minded to revisions.
satellites
Scientific truths remain true regardless of belief. These 10, despite contrary claims, remain vitally important as 2025 draws to a close.
Two space telescopes with solar panel arrays are shown against a plain, dark background. NASA's Habitable Worlds Observatory is represented by one with a hexagonal mirror, highlighting its role in advancing space science.
Finding alien Earths requires seeing Earth-sized planets at Earth-like distances from Sun-like stars. A new discovery completes the roadmap.
Two side-by-side images of the Pillars of Creation in the Eagle Nebula showcase different views with vibrant colors and star-filled backgrounds, embodying the great paradox of beauty within science.
There are so many problems, all across planet Earth, that harm and threaten humanity. Why invest in researching the Universe?